Caliber shell with rigid mounting to housing of stabilizing fins

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to ammunition for firearms, as smooth and a rifled barrel. The projectile with rigid attached to the housing stabilizing fletching block, plates of fletching block have a continuation on the housing, centering the projectile in the barrel. In the offered variant, on the friction and heat of the bullet and the barrel takes about 1% of the shot energy, besides low vibration. The rest of energy escapes to destination, and that&#39;s good. Erasing minimal of the barrel. Application of the projectile in the shotgun and rifle barrels increases the service life of barrels. Use of such projectiles increases the initial speed, and with the sleeve-nozzle and a second charge, allows to increase the speed and specialization of the projectile. At the expense of the aerodynamic and gyroscopic effects, increases the lethal effect over long distances, due to the greater energy saved, improve the close grouping of shots and flat trajectory.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to ammunition of firearms, for both smoothbore and a rifled barrels.

Known are the following conventional projectile designs: a fletched-subcaliber bullet for smooth-bore barrels. Authors: D. I. Shiryaev, V. V. Shipilov, N. V. Terehov, SU Patent No. 3246468 A1, published Jan. 1, 1972. It is taken as a prototype. In the prototype, a bullet casing with lead core, plastic fletching fixed of the straight tail. A well-known shell-bullet “Sauvestre”, published in “Kalashnikov, weapons, ammunition, equipment” Journal of February 2000, with a bullet weighing 24 g. The round is subcaliber, with a container. This is a decent round, but the fletching is in the aerodynamic shadow. Another known projectile is shown in my application No. RU 2012139499, published on Mar. 20, 2014.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

The proposed projectile is made in a caliber of a barrel, and includes a housing 1, see FIGS. 1, 2, 9 which is made of steel tubes, non-ferrous metals, such as copper, or their alloys, high-strength plastics. The projectile has different diameters d2 and length L2, see FIG. 2, and depending on the caliber, L4, see FIG. 2, and has varying thickness, on top of the housing there is an edge bevel L3, see FIG. 2, to improve the aerodynamic properties of the projectile, and its penetrating power. Also on top of the housing there is a technological groove 9, see FIGS. 1, 5, 7 of arbitrary width, for fixing continuation of plates of the fletching block in the top part.

As an alternative with the sleeve-nozzle, see FIG. 9, the cartridge is shown in sectional view, in the bottom part of the housing at the inner edge there is a threaded connection 15, see FIG. 9, therefore, on the sleeve-nozzle opposing part there is a corresponding thread. The sleeve-nozzle 16, see FIG. 9, is made of steel or non-ferrous metals such as copper, or alloys thereof, and includes a head and a threaded tube-nozzle of inner diameter d3, see FIG. 9 and, depending on caliber, of a length L6, see FIG. 9, which also varies.

In the area of compound of fletching block with the sleeve-nozzle on it there is a recess 17, see FIG. 9, to prevent turning of the fletching block. The core 2, see FIGS. 2, 5, 9 (a projectile in cross-section) with a diameter d1, see FIG. 2 (depending on the caliber) is made out of heavy metal, such as lead or steel.

As an option, a funnel-shaped cavity is made in the upper part of the core—i.e., expansive funnel 8, see FIGS. 2, 5. As an alternative to a funnel on top of housing there is a conical lid 13, see FIGS. 6, 9 with an expansive cavity or without it, see 14 in FIGS. 6, 9, for locking on the threads in the center core, made out of a solid metal, such as steel, nonferrous metals or their alloys, or high strength plastics. In the core in the rear of the housing there is a cavity in the shape of a polyhedron 10, see FIGS. 2, 7, for example—in this illustration, a square, to avoid turning of the fletching block. As an option, a protrusion of the core L5, see FIG. 5 is made in the shape of a polyhedron, for example—in the form of a square. For technological processing of the steel core, instead of the cavity in the shape of a polyhedron 10, see FIGS. 2, 7, in the core, a cavity is made with a screw thread, the direction of the thread corresponds to the direction of the barrel rifling.

As an option of the core made from steel, on a continuation of the core from the housing L5, see FIG. 5, instead of a polyhedron there is a screw thread.

The Fletching block 3, see FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 for smoothbore barrels include stabilizing plates 4.5, see FIGS. 1, 3, 4: FIG. 3 shows a rear view, and the number of plates may be varied. The plates are arranged in a straight line, have a continuation on the housing L1, see FIG. 2, almost to the front edge, where, in the technological groove, in the housing, there are fixed, centering a projectile in the barrel, with the expansion of the area of the plates to the center of the fletching block at the end, for aerodynamic stabilization.

Alternatively, for rifled barrels, the stabilizing plate is disposed at an angle 5, see FIG. 4, also with the transition on the housing, in technological groove in the housing are fixed, with the expansion of the area of the plates to the center of the of fletching block at the end of. In a junction of the housing and the block of fletching, on the block the ledge in the form of a polyhedron is made 11, see FIGS. 2, 4, for example a square. As an option, in the block there is a cavity under a polyhedron of the continuation of the core L5, see FIG. 5. Diameter d2, see FIG. 2 of the block of fletching of a projectile, is 2-12 percent larger in diameter than the caliber of a barrel, depending on a material of manufacturing. For example, a 12 caliber barrel 18.4 mm, the projectile housing diameter of 14 mm, respectively, the height of the plates on the housing is 2.5 mm on each side, and they are not in aerodynamic shadow.

The fletching block is made of high-strength plastics or non-ferrous metals such as copper, or alloys thereof. A rigid mounting of the block to the housing is achieved by inserting the protrusion in the form of a polyhedron of the Fletching block, to the cavity in the shape of a polyhedron in the core at the rear of housing, as well as at the expense of fixation of continuing plates in the technological groove in the upper part of the housing, see FIG. 2.

As an option, a continuation of the core out of Housing L5, see FIG. 5 is inserted into the cavity in the form of a polyhedron in the fletching block, see FIG. 5. In a variant with a sleeve-nozzle in the middle of the block the hole is made, with a diameter d4, see FIG. 9.

Also, the housing, the core, the cap and sleeve-nozzle can be manufactured as a single unit from hard material such as steel, non-ferrous metals or alloys thereof. The projectile is inserted at the end of the block of fletching on the wad-obturator 12, see FIGS. 1, 8, in which the size of the cavity is made exactly the same as the end of the block of fletching, see FIG. 8. The wad-obturator itself is made of plastic, such as polyethylene, in the diameter of the shell casing, wherein the wad can have different heights.

As an option, with a sleeve-nozzle a wad hole with a diameter d4 is made, see FIGS. 8, 9. Projectile weight can be 10 grams and higher, length can be 15 mm and longer, see L in FIG. 2.

On the powder charge 7, see FIGS. 1, 9 there is placed a gasket 6, see FIGS. 1, 9, then the wad-obturator 12, see FIGS. 1, 9, and on it the projectile, and the shell casing is closed.

As an option, the housing with the sleeve-nozzle, see FIG. 9, the sleeve-nozzle cavity is filled with additional of charge, and is inserted into the wad-obturator hole. An additional charge may be of different purposes, tracer, incendiary, firmly fuel, and so on. How it works, on a powder charge, there is a gasket, then the wad-obturator, and then the projectile.

As an option, the housing with the sleeve-nozzle, on the main powder charge there is a gasket with a hole in the middle under the nozzle, then the wad-obturator is inserted into the opening, and then the projectile with an additional charge.

When fired, at high temperatures and pressure contacting part of plates are softened, the projectile passing through the barrel is centered. It achieves a high initial velocity, since the friction of barrel to the projectile is minimal, plus initializing of additional charge gives a significant acceleration. The center of gravity of the projectile is in the front, as the aerodynamic stabilization at the expense of the fletching block. In rifled barrels, protruding plates of the block of fletching fall into the rifling and the projectile acquires gyroscopic stability.

Having thus described a preferred embodiment, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain advantages of the described apparatus have been achieved.

It should also be appreciated that various modifications, adaptations, and alternative embodiments thereof may be made within the scope and spirit of the present invention. The invention is further defined by the following claims. 

1. A projectile comprising: a housing; a fletching block rigidly attached to the housing; wherein the fletching block is made of high-strength plastics, non-ferrous metals or alloys thereof; the fletching block including stabilizing plates that have a continuation on the housing, almost to its initial edge, wherein the stabilizing plates are fixed in a groove in the housing, for centering the projectile inside a barrel, wherein the stabilizing plates have a larger area towards a center of the fletching block at its end, for aerodynamic stabilization of the projectile, and wherein the stabilizing plates have a larger diameter than a diameter of the barrel.
 2. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the stabilizing plates are arranged in a straight line.
 3. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the stabilizing plates are arranged at an angle.
 4. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the housing projectile is made of steel tubes, high strength plastics, non-ferrous metals, including copper, or alloys thereof.
 5. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the groove is on top of the housing.
 6. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the projectile includes a core made of a heavy metal inside the projectile housing, and has a cavity at its end in a shape of a polyhedron.
 7. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the projectile includes a core made of a heavy metal inside the projectile housing, and has a cavity at its end with a screw thread.
 8. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the projectile includes a core inside the housing, and wherein the core has a protrusion in a shape of a polyhedron.
 9. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the projectile includes a core inside the housing, and wherein the core has a protrusion with a screw thread.
 10. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the fletching block has a protrusion in a shape of a polyhedron.
 11. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the fletching block has a cavity in a shape of a polyhedron.
 12. The projectile of claim 11, wherein the protrusion of the fletching block is inserted into a cavity in the housing.
 13. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the projectile includes a core inside the housing, and wherein the core has a protrusion which is inserted into a cavity in the fletching block.
 14. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the housing, the core, a cap and a sleeve-nozzle are integrally made from a hard material, including any of steel, nonferrous metals such as copper, or alloys thereof.
 15. The projectile of claim 1, wherein a bottom of the housing includes a thread at its inner edge.
 16. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the projectile includes a joint sleeve-nozzle which is threaded to a bottom of the housing.
 17. The projectile of claim 16, wherein the nozzle-sleeve is made of steel or non-ferrous metals such as copper, or alloys thereof.
 18. The projectile of claim 16, wherein the nozzle-sleeve has recess cuts made in it.
 19. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the nozzle-sleeve includes an inner hole which is filled with an additional propellant.
 20. The projectile of claim 1, wherein the projectile includes a wad-obturator made out of plastic, such as polyethylene.
 21. (canceled)
 22. (canceled)
 23. (canceled)
 24. (canceled)
 25. (canceled) 